[QUOTE="frag"] Why don't they make chimneys a shallow zig zag shape? They would heat up a considerably larger surface area of the wall and so be more efficient.[/QUOTE] The most effective way is to change the bottom of the chimney and put a stove or closed fireplace (Parkray etc) there. [QUOTE] I know back boilers exist, but I'm not on about having the complexity of a boiler and all its associated plumbing, just a wiggly chimney.[/QUOTE] A back boiler on an _open_ fire is generally just for heating domestic water. Extremely simple - no pumps, they just rely on convection to move the water - but actually put out less heat into the room when "on". On as in you've hit the special flap in the chimney throat with a poker. If you forget about it and leave it on, not only is it gorging on coal you'll be woken about 2am by loud banging as the water boils in the tank. In extremis steam shoots from the side of the house. They heat the water quite nicely over the day when not "on".