[QUOTE] What/when is the 'Palio'?[/QUOTE] The Palio is a horse race which is run in the 'campo' (the large cobbled main square, tho it's not at all square). The tradition goes back to the middle ages, and is very tied up with the history of the town. IIRC, each locale in the town enters a horse, and the rivalry is incredibly intense (qv the 'football' (more like rugby crossed with tag team wrestling) match between rival parts of Florence - equally ancient, equally violent and serious) There's shitloads of stuff on the web about it.