[QUOTE="Bear"] 1924?[/QUOTE] For BMW, 1969. Up until then, the boxer engine had a built-up crank and roller bearing big ends, and a camshaft above the crank. On older BMWs, and any Russian, Ukrainian or Chinese boxer (heh), you'll see that the pushrod tubes are on top of the cylinders. On /5 and later airhead BMWs, they're underneath. BMW had turned the engine upside-down and put the camshaft under the crank, changed the crank to a one-piece effort with shell bearing big ends, and employed the conrods from their car engines. This gave them a much stronger engine, capable of handling the big increases in capacity and horsepower that were to come, and that would remain essentially unchanged for a quarter of a century. As far as I can discover, the shell bearing big ends and solid crank appeared on Dneprs in 1971 with the MT9 (which is what sweller's got). Apart from this, the engine was pretty much the same as before. Roller bearings are simply wrong for a big end. Even if the crank rotation was constant, the relative angle of the conrod changes through every revolution, so the rollers are never at a constant speed and tend to scuff if the lubrication is at all suspect.